By Scott Lanman Jan. 29 (Bloomberg) — Ben S. Bernanke , who won Senate approval for a second term as Federal Reserve chairman over a record number of opponents, may now have a tougher fight against threats to the central bank itself. Lawmakers are considering legislation to remove a shield from congressional audits of monetary policy and strip the Fed of bank-supervision powers, measures that Bernanke opposes. The debate over Bernanke’s performance has focused lawmaker attention on the powers of the institution, said Vincent Reinhart , a former Fed official. The scrutiny comes as politicians respond to voter anger over government bailouts of Wall Street firms, including the Fed’s role in rescues of American International Group Inc. and Citigroup Inc. “I can’t imagine that there will not be separate legislation or some piece of legislation that is the Federal Reserve Reform Act of 2010,” said Reinhart, who served as Bernanke’s monetary-affairs director until 2007. The Senate voted 70-30 yesterday to confirm Bernanke, 56, to a four-year term starting Feb. 1, after White House officials moved to shore up support that wavered last week. Bernanke received the most opposing votes by a Fed chairman since 1978, when the office first became subject to Senate confirmation. In 1983, Paul Volcker was confirmed for a second term by an 84-16 vote. Before 1978, the Senate voted to confirm members of the Fed’s Board of Governors, and the president picked the chairman from among them. ‘Public Distrust’ “The opposition to Bernanke isn’t about the guy,” said Reinhart, a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute in Washington. “It shows the public distrust of the institution.” U.S. stocks, bonds and the dollar would collapse if investors perceive Congress violating the independence of the policy-setting panel, former Fed Governor Laurence Meyer , now vice chairman of Macroeconomic Advisers LLC, has said. In a separate hearing this week, lawmakers criticized Treasury Secretary Timothy F. Geithner for his role in the $182.3 billion bailout of New York-based insurer AIG while he was serving as president of the New York Fed. Lawmakers including Sheldon Whitehouse , Democrat of Rhode Island, said Wall Street firms were the beneficiaries of the emergency actions that Bernanke and his supporters said were intended to rescue the wider economy. “If you’re the scorekeeper of our recovery, it looks like it can be summarized in the two-word phrase: Banks win,” Whitehouse, who voted against Bernanke, said yesterday. Measures to curb Fed independence may make the Fed more susceptible to pressure from Congress to keep interest rates low, said Bernanke supporters including Charles Schumer , a Democrat from New York. ‘Just Wait’ “If you don’t like monetary policy when the Fed does it, just wait until the politicians get their hands on it,” Schumer said yesterday. During his second term, Bernanke will also have to begin reversing a record monetary expansion without undercutting the recovery, said J. Alfred Broaddus Jr ., former president of the Richmond Fed. “If he moves prematurely, the risk is that the recovery, already pretty fragile, becomes damaged,” Broaddus said. “If he waits too long, the risk is that inflation expectations could build so you have an inflation problem all of a sudden.” The confirmation vote was a turnabout from last week, when the two top Senate Democrats withheld their support for Bernanke and other senators came out against him, raising chances of rejection and helping drive stocks lower. The Democratic Party’s loss of a seat in Massachusetts added to pressure on senators facing re-election. Party Votes In the confirmation vote, Democrats voted 47-11 in favor of Bernanke, while Republicans supported him by a 22-18 margin. Senator Christopher Dodd , who supports Bernanke, has criticized the Fed for lax banking supervision leading up to the crisis. “If I had been voting solely on the performance in ‘07, I would have voted against him,” said the Connecticut Democrat, who chairs the Senate Banking Committee. Dodd and Alabama’s Richard Shelby , the panel’s top Republican and a Bernanke opponent, both want to strip the Fed of bank-supervision powers. “We should seriously consider, and we’re talking about, taking the regulatory power away from the Fed, let them concentrate on monetary policy,” Shelby told reporters yesterday. “There’s a lot of unrest in the country, and a lot of people do not believe that the Fed should have been the central intervener in too-big-to-fail” financial firms. Call for Abolition In the House, Representative Ron Paul , a Texas Republican who has called for the abolition of the Fed, gathered more than 300 supporters and won passage last month of legislation to allow congressional investigators to audit Fed interest-rate decisions. Lawmakers are also aiming to reduce the influence of regional Fed presidents or gain more say over their appointments, which are currently made by private boards of directors and approved by Fed governors in Washington. “There are going to be additional constraints put on the Fed unless the administration leans hard to defend the Fed as an independent institution,” said Gregory Hess , a former Fed economist who’s now faculty dean at Claremont McKenna College in California. To contact the reporter on this story: Scott Lanman in Washington at slanman@bloomberg.net .






